The Impact of Nanoparticles Implementation on Conservation of Heritage Buildings (Overview the Nanocathedral Project)

There is no doubt that heritage buildings play an important role in any country in the world, where they transport the civilization and architecture of the past to present and future, set the design basis, and transfer knowledge of previous architects to us so that we start from where they ended. Problems are how they constitute also one of the main reasons to know cultures of different peoples and their ways of diverse social lives. During the search for different ways and multiple techniques to preserve heritage buildings in order to extend their life span, it was founded that sustainability can be input to the traditional building materials so as to make them able to meet the challenge of the current and anticipated future conditions. This can be done by modern technology, which was permitted by the global and international organizations to use in those buildings, as rule (10) of Venice Charter states the use of the latest technical, scientific and construction methods after confirming their validity for the monument. This Paper is directed towards overview the study of modern technology, which all developed countries seek, which is the Nano technology that has become the main driver of all different sciences and technologies. Dealing with the concept of preserving, the heritage buildings, and different methods of preservation. Each of these phases consists of several techniques and chemical substances that can be divided into dry and wet techniques. This Deals with the study of some of the chemical substances used in the technical preservation operations in terms of sustainability.
         Europe possesses remarkable cultural and environmental diversity, as well as an extraordinary wealth of ancient architecture and constructed surroundings. However, this architectural magnificence and historical legacy can give rise to deterioration issues due to the diverse range of stone materials employed in their construction. In this project, a selection was made of five distinct medieval cathedrals and a contemporary opera theater. These structures were chosen because they can be viewed as representative examples of diverse environmental conditions and various types of stones (such as limestones, sandstones, and marbles) prevalent in Western Europe. The primary objective of the project was to develop novel materials, technologies, and procedures for restoring and conserving stone in ancient cathedrals and monumental edifices. The emphasis was placed on preserving the originality of the building materials while also devising customized approaches to address specific preservation challenges. Thorough analyses and classifications were conducted on the original materials, examining their historical links to quarry exploitation as a source of construction resources. Nanomaterials suitable for consolidating and safeguarding stones were developed with the aim of providing optimal technological solutions for preserving different stone types, taking into account factors such as porosity, mineralogical composition, and chemical characteristic.